Researchers have found that negative peer affiliations, exposure to crime and violence, and substance use exposure, are characteristics of homeless youth street life (Bailey et al. The context of the street creates a unique and complex array of issues for homeless youth. 2002), which has begun to challenge some of the assumptions about pathology among homeless youth. It is important to note that a handful of researcher have begun to look at strengths and resiliency in homeless youth (Bender et al. 2001a, b Baron and Hartnagel 2002 Cauce et al. While much of the research on these youth has focused on individual pathology and criminality, only a few researchers have discussed the contextual and environmental factors associated with youth homelessness (Baron et al. 1998), emphasizing the pathology of these youth. Research has also linked homelessness with drug use and conduct disorder (Cauce et al. 1991), which plays a role in the construction of the image of homeless youth as dangerous. 1998 Baron 1999, 2003), prostitution (Kidd and Kral 2002 Robertson and Toro 1998), and violent crime (Bessant 2001 Ennett et al. The criminal focus of these youth has been on drugs (Bailey et al. Further, these youth are often at risk of being victims of criminal activities due to the unlikelihood they would report such crimes to police (Baron 1997 Kipke et al. While on the street, homeless youth are often exposed to environments with excessive criminal activity. 1991), newspaper/media (Slavin 2001 Holthouse 1998 Piasecki 2006), and books (Hagan and McCarthy 1997 Whitbeck and Hoyt 1999 Robertson 1996 Russell 1998). Much has been written on homeless youth and their involvement in criminal activities in the academic literature (Baron 1999, 2003 Bessant 2001 Eugene 1997 Kidd and Kral 2002 Kurtz et al.
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